CameraGeometry¶
-
class
ctapipe.instrument.camera.
CameraGeometry
(name, pix_id, pix_x, pix_y, pix_area, pix_type, pix_rotation='0d', cam_rotation='0d', neighbors=None, apply_derotation=True, frame=None)[source]¶ Bases:
object
CameraGeometry
is a class that stores information about a Cherenkov Camera that us useful for imaging algorithms and displays. It contains lists of pixel positions, areas, pixel shapes, as well as a neighbor (adjacency) list and matrix for each pixel. In general the neighbor_matrix attribute should be used in any algorithm needing pixel neighbors, since it is much faster. See for examplectapipe.image.tailcuts_clean
The class is intended to be generic, and work with any Cherenkov Camera geometry, including those that have square vs hexagonal pixels, gaps between pixels, etc.
- Parameters
- selftype
description
- namestr
Camera name (e.g. NectarCam, LSTCam, …)
- pix_idarray(int)
pixels id numbers
- pix_xarray with units
position of each pixel (x-coordinate)
- pix_yarray with units
position of each pixel (y-coordinate)
- pix_areaarray(float)
surface area of each pixel, if None will be calculated
- neighborslist(arrays)
adjacency list for each pixel
- pix_typestring
either ‘rectangular’ or ‘hexagonal’
- pix_rotationvalue convertable to an
astropy.coordinates.Angle
rotation angle with unit (e.g. 12 * u.deg), or “12d”
- cam_rotationoverall camera rotation with units
Attributes Summary
A list of the neighbors pixel_ids for each pixel
Pre-calculated matrix needed for higher-order moment calculation, up to 4th order.
in-circle diameter for hexagons, edge width for square pixels, diameter for circles.
Methods Summary
calc_pixel_neighbors
([diagonal])Calculate the neighbors of pixels using a kdtree for nearest neighbor lookup.
cartesian_index_to_image_index
(row, col)Convert cartesian index (row, col) to pixel index in 1d representation.
from_name
([name, version])Construct a CameraGeometry using the name of the camera and array.
from_table
(url_or_table, **kwargs)Load a CameraGeometry from an
astropy.table.Table
instance or a file that is readable byastropy.table.Table.read
get_border_pixel_mask
([width])Get a mask for pixels at the border of the camera of arbitrary width
guess_pixel_width
(pix_x, pix_y)Calculate pixel diameter by looking at the minimum distance between pixels
Guess the camera radius as mean distance of the border pixels from the center pixel
image_from_cartesian_representation
(image_2d)Create a 1D-array from a given 2D image.
image_index_to_cartesian_index
(pixel_index)Convert pixel index in the 1d image representation to row and col
Create a 2D-image from a given flat image or multiple flat images.
info
([printer])print detailed info about this camera
make_rectangular
([npix_x, npix_y, range_x, …])Generate a simple camera with 2D rectangular geometry.
position_to_pix_index
(x, y)Return the index of a camera pixel which contains a given position (x,y) in the camera frame.
rotate
(angle)rotate the camera coordinates about the center of the camera by specified angle.
simtel_shape_to_type
(pixel_shape)to_table
()convert this to an
astropy.table.Table
transform_to
(frame)Transform the pixel coordinates stored in this geometry and the pixel and camera rotations to another camera coordinate frame.
Attributes Documentation
-
CURRENT_TAB_VERSION
= '2.0'¶
-
SUPPORTED_TAB_VERSIONS
= {'1', '1.0', '1.1', '2.0'}¶
-
max_neighbors
¶
-
neighbor_matrix
¶
-
neighbor_matrix_sparse
¶
-
neighbors
¶ A list of the neighbors pixel_ids for each pixel
-
pixel_moment_matrix
¶ Pre-calculated matrix needed for higher-order moment calculation, up to 4th order.
Note this is not recalculated if the CameraGeometry is modified.
this matrix M can be multiplied by an image and normalized by the sum to get the moments:
M = geom.pixel_moment_matrix() moms = (M @ image)/image.sum()
- Returns
- array:
x, y, x**2, x*y, y^2, x^3, x^2*y,x*y^2, y^3, x^4, x^3*y, x^2*y2, x*y^3, y^4
-
pixel_width
¶ in-circle diameter for hexagons, edge width for square pixels, diameter for circles.
This is calculated from the pixel area.
Methods Documentation
-
calc_pixel_neighbors
(diagonal=False)[source]¶ Calculate the neighbors of pixels using a kdtree for nearest neighbor lookup.
- Parameters
- diagonal: bool
If rectangular geometry, also add diagonal neighbors
-
cartesian_index_to_image_index
(row, col)[source]¶ Convert cartesian index (row, col) to pixel index in 1d representation.
-
classmethod
from_name
(name='NectarCam', version=None)[source]¶ Construct a CameraGeometry using the name of the camera and array.
This expects that there is a resource accessible via
get_table_dataset
called"[array]-[camera].camgeom.fits.gz"
or"[array]-[camera]-[version].camgeom.fits.gz"
- Parameters
- namestr
Camera name (e.g. NectarCam, LSTCam, …)
- version
camera version id
- Returns
- new CameraGeometry
-
classmethod
from_table
(url_or_table, **kwargs)[source]¶ Load a CameraGeometry from an
astropy.table.Table
instance or a file that is readable byastropy.table.Table.read
- Parameters
- url_or_table: string or astropy.table.Table
either input filename/url or a Table instance
- kwargs: extra keyword arguments
extra arguments passed to
astropy.table.Table.read
, depending on file type (e.g. format, hdu, path)
-
get_border_pixel_mask
(width=1)[source]¶ Get a mask for pixels at the border of the camera of arbitrary width
- Parameters
- width: int
The width of the border in pixels
- Returns
- mask: array
A boolean mask, True if pixel is in the border of the specified width
-
static
guess_pixel_width
(pix_x, pix_y)[source]¶ Calculate pixel diameter by looking at the minimum distance between pixels
Note this will not work on cameras with varying pixel sizes or gaps
- Returns
- in-circle diameter for hexagons, edge width for square pixels
-
guess_radius
()[source]¶ Guess the camera radius as mean distance of the border pixels from the center pixel
-
image_from_cartesian_representation
(image_2d)[source]¶ Create a 1D-array from a given 2D image.
- Parameters
- image_2d: np.ndarray
2D image created by the
image_to_cartesian_representation
function of the same geometry. shape is expected to be: (n_images, n_rows, n_cols) or (n_rows, n_cols) for a single image.
- Returns
- 1d array
The image in the 1D format, which has shape (n_images, n_pixels). For single images the leading dimension is omitted.
-
image_index_to_cartesian_index
(pixel_index)[source]¶ Convert pixel index in the 1d image representation to row and col
-
image_to_cartesian_representation
(image)[source]¶ Create a 2D-image from a given flat image or multiple flat images. In the case of hexagonal pixels, the resulting image is skewed to match a rectangular grid.
- Parameters
- image: np.ndarray
One or multiple images of shape (n_images, n_pixels) or (n_pixels) for a single image.
- Returns
- image_2s: np.ndarray
The transformed image of shape (n_images, n_rows, n_cols). For a single image the leading dimension is omitted.
-
classmethod
make_rectangular
(npix_x=40, npix_y=40, range_x=(- 0.5, 0.5), range_y=(- 0.5, 0.5))[source]¶ Generate a simple camera with 2D rectangular geometry.
Used for testing.
- Parameters
- npix_xint
number of pixels in X-dimension
- npix_yint
number of pixels in Y-dimension
- range_x(float,float)
min and max of x pixel coordinates in meters
- range_y(float,float)
min and max of y pixel coordinates in meters
- Returns
- CameraGeometry object
-
position_to_pix_index
(x, y)[source]¶ Return the index of a camera pixel which contains a given position (x,y) in the camera frame. The (x,y) coordinates can be arrays (of equal length), for which the methods returns an array of pixel ids. A warning is raised if the position falls outside the camera.
- Parameters
- x: astropy.units.Quantity (distance) of horizontal position(s) in the camera frame
- y: astropy.units.Quantity (distance) of vertical position(s) in the camera frame
- Returns
- pix_indices: Pixel index or array of pixel indices. Returns -1 if position falls
outside camera
-
rotate
(angle)[source]¶ rotate the camera coordinates about the center of the camera by specified angle. Modifies the CameraGeometry in-place (so after this is called, the pix_x and pix_y arrays are rotated.
- Parameters
- angle: value convertable to an `astropy.coordinates.Angle`
rotation angle with unit (e.g. 12 * u.deg), or “12d”
Notes
This is intended only to correct simulated data that are rotated by a fixed angle. For the more general case of correction for camera pointing errors (rotations, translations, skews, etc), you should use a true coordinate transformation defined in
ctapipe.coordinates
.
-
to_table
()[source]¶ convert this to an
astropy.table.Table
-
transform_to
(frame: astropy.coordinates.baseframe.BaseCoordinateFrame)[source]¶ Transform the pixel coordinates stored in this geometry and the pixel and camera rotations to another camera coordinate frame.
Note that
geom.frame
must contain all the necessary attributes needed to transform into the requested frame, i.e. if going fromCameraFrame
toTelescopeFrame
, it should contain the correct data in thefocal_length
attribute.- Parameters
- frame: ctapipe.coordinates.CameraFrame
The coordinate frame to transform to.
- Returns
- CameraGeometry:
new instance in the requested Frame