Imaging (image)

ctapipe.image contains all algortihms that operate on Cherenkov camera images.

A Cherenkov image is defined as two pieces of data:

  • a numpy array of pixel values (which can either be 1D, or 2D if time samples are included)

  • a description of the Camera geometry (pixel positions, etc), usually a ctapipe.instrument.CameraGeometry object

This module contains the following sub-modules, but the most important functions of each are imported into the ctapipe.image namespace

Reference/API

ctapipe.image Package

Functions

hillas_parameters(geom, image)

Compute Hillas parameters for a given shower image.

camera_to_shower_coordinates(x, y, cog_x, …)

Return longitudinal and transverse coordinates for x and y for a given set of hillas parameters

timing_parameters(geom, image, peak_time, …)

Function to extract timing parameters from a cleaned image.

leakage_parameters(geom, image, cleaning_mask)

Calculating the leakage-values for a given image.

concentration_parameters(geom, image, …)

Calculate concentraion values.

descriptive_statistics(values[, container_class])

compute intensity statistics of an image

number_of_islands(geom, mask)

Search a given pixel mask for connected clusters.

number_of_island_sizes(island_labels)

Return number of small, medium and large islands

morphology_parameters(geom, image_mask)

Compute image morphology parameters

largest_island(island_labels)

Find the biggest island and filter it from the image.

brightest_island(n_islands, island_labels, image)

Find the brightest island and filter it from the image.

tailcuts_clean(geom, image[, …])

Clean an image by selection pixels that pass a two-threshold tail-cuts procedure.

dilate(geom, mask)

Add one row of neighbors to the True values of a pixel mask and return the new mask.

mars_cleaning_1st_pass(geom, image[, …])

Clean an image by selection pixels that pass a three-threshold tail-cuts procedure.

fact_image_cleaning(geom, image, arrival_times)

Clean an image by selection pixels that pass the fact cleaning procedure.

apply_time_delta_cleaning(geom, mask, …)

Identify all pixels from selection that have less than N neighbors that arrived within a given timeframe.

neg_log_likelihood_approx(image, prediction, …)

Calculate negative log likelihood for telescope.

neg_log_likelihood_numeric(image, …[, …])

Calculate likelihood of prediction given the measured signal, full numerical integration from [denaurois2009].

neg_log_likelihood(image, prediction, …[, …])

Safe implementation of the poissonian likelihood implementation, adaptively switches between the full solution and the gaussian approx depending on the prediction.

mean_poisson_likelihood_gaussian(prediction, …)

Calculation of the mean likelihood for a give expectation value of pixel intensity in the gaussian approximation.

mean_poisson_likelihood_full(prediction, …)

Calculation of the mean likelihood for a give expectation value of pixel intensity using the full numerical integration.

chi_squared(image, prediction, pedestal[, …])

Simple chi-squared statistic from Le Bohec et al 2008

kundu_chaudhuri_circle_fit(x, y, weights)

Fast and reliable analytical circle fitting method previously used in the H.E.S.S.

mean_squared_error(pixel_x, pixel_y, …)

Calculate the weighted mean squared error for a circle

intensity_ratio_inside_ring(pixel_x, …)

Calculate the ratio of the photons inside a given ring with coordinates (center_x, center_y), radius and width.

ring_completeness(pixel_x, pixel_y, weights, …)

Estimate how complete a ring is.

ring_containment(radius, center_x, center_y, …)

Estimate angular containment of a ring inside the camera (camera center is (0,0))

neighbor_average_maximum(waveforms, …)

Obtain the average waveform built from the neighbors of each pixel

subtract_baseline(waveforms, baseline_start, …)

Subtracts the waveform baseline, estimated as the mean waveform value in the interval [baseline_start:baseline_end]

integration_correction(…)

Obtain the correction for the integration window specified.

Classes

ImageModifier(**kwargs)

Component to tune simulated background to overserved NSB values.

ImageProcessor(**kwargs)

Takes DL1/Image data and cleans and parametrizes the images into DL1/parameters.

HillasParameterizationError

ImageCleaner(**kwargs)

Abstract class for all configurable Image Cleaning algorithms.

TailcutsImageCleaner(**kwargs)

Clean images using the standard picture/boundary technique.

PixelLikelihoodError

MuonIntensityFitter(**kwargs)

MuonRingFitter(**kwargs)

Different ring fit algorithms for muon rings

ImageExtractor(**kwargs)

FullWaveformSum(**kwargs)

Extractor that sums the entire waveform.

FixedWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor that sums within a fixed window defined by the user.

GlobalPeakWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor which sums in a window about the peak from the global average waveform.

LocalPeakWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor which sums in a window about the peak in each pixel’s waveform.

SlidingWindowMaxSum(**kwargs)

Sliding window extractor that maximizes the signal in window_width consecutive slices.

NeighborPeakWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor which sums in a window about the peak defined by the wavefroms in neighboring pixels.

BaselineSubtractedNeighborPeakWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor that first subtracts the baseline before summing in a window about the peak defined by the wavefroms in neighboring pixels.

TwoPassWindowSum(**kwargs)

Extractor based on [R51f2a41efcc4-1] which integrates the waveform a second time using a time-gradient linear fit.

DataVolumeReducer(**kwargs)

Base component for data volume reducers.

NullDataVolumeReducer(**kwargs)

Perform no data volume reduction

TailCutsDataVolumeReducer(**kwargs)

Reduce the time integrated shower image in 3 Steps:

InvalidPixelHandler(**kwargs)

An abtract base class for algorithms treating invalid pixel data in images

NeighborAverage(**kwargs)