from abc import abstractmethod
import astropy.units as u
import numpy as np
from astropy.coordinates import AltAz, CartesianRepresentation, SphericalRepresentation
from astropy.table import Table
from traitlets import UseEnum
from ctapipe.core import Component, Container
from ctapipe.core.traits import Bool, CaselessStrEnum, Unicode
from ctapipe.reco.reconstructor import ReconstructionProperty
from ..containers import (
ArrayEventContainer,
ParticleClassificationContainer,
ReconstructedEnergyContainer,
ReconstructedGeometryContainer,
)
from .utils import add_defaults_and_meta
_containers = {
"energy": ReconstructedEnergyContainer,
"classification": ParticleClassificationContainer,
"geometry": ReconstructedGeometryContainer,
}
__all__ = [
"StereoCombiner",
"StereoMeanCombiner",
]
def _grouped_add(tel_data, n_array_events, indices):
"""
Calculate the group-wise sum for each array event over the
corresponding telescope events. ``indices`` is an array
that gives the index of the subarray event for each telescope event,
returned by
``np.unique(tel_events[["obs_id", "event_id"]], return_inverse=True)``
"""
combined_values = np.zeros(n_array_events)
np.add.at(combined_values, indices, tel_data)
return combined_values
def _weighted_mean_ufunc(tel_values, weights, n_array_events, indices):
# avoid numerical problems by very large or small weights
weights = weights / weights.max()
sum_prediction = _grouped_add(
tel_values * weights,
n_array_events,
indices,
)
sum_of_weights = _grouped_add(
weights,
n_array_events,
indices,
)
mean = np.full(n_array_events, np.nan)
valid = sum_of_weights > 0
mean[valid] = sum_prediction[valid] / sum_of_weights[valid]
return mean
[docs]class StereoCombiner(Component):
"""Base Class for algorithms combining telescope-wise predictions to common prediction"""
prefix = Unicode(
default_value="",
help="Prefix to be added to the output container / column names",
).tag(config=True)
property = UseEnum(
ReconstructionProperty,
help="Which property is being combined",
).tag(config=True)
[docs] @abstractmethod
def __call__(self, event: ArrayEventContainer) -> None:
"""
Fill event container with stereo predictions
"""
[docs] @abstractmethod
def predict_table(self, mono_predictions: Table) -> Table:
"""
Constructs stereo predictions from a table of
telescope events.
"""
[docs]class StereoMeanCombiner(StereoCombiner):
"""
Calculate array-event prediction as (weighted) mean of telescope-wise predictions
"""
weights = CaselessStrEnum(
["none", "intensity", "konrad"],
default_value="none",
).tag(config=True)
log_target = Bool(
False,
help="If true, calculate exp(mean(log(values)))",
).tag(config=True)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
supported = {
ReconstructionProperty.ENERGY,
ReconstructionProperty.GEOMETRY,
ReconstructionProperty.PARTICLE_TYPE,
}
if self.property not in supported:
raise NotImplementedError(
f"Combination of {self.property} not implemented in {self.__class__.__name__}"
)
def _calculate_weights(self, data):
""""""
if isinstance(data, Container):
if self.weights == "intensity":
return data.hillas.intensity
if self.weights == "konrad":
return data.hillas.intensity * data.hillas.length / data.hillas.width
return 1
if isinstance(data, Table):
if self.weights == "intensity":
return data["hillas_intensity"]
if self.weights == "konrad":
return (
data["hillas_intensity"]
* data["hillas_length"]
/ data["hillas_width"]
)
return np.ones(len(data))
raise TypeError(
"Dl1 data needs to be provided in the form of a container or astropy.table.Table"
)
def _combine_energy(self, event):
ids = []
values = []
weights = []
for tel_id, dl2 in event.dl2.tel.items():
mono = dl2.energy[self.prefix]
if mono.is_valid:
values.append(mono.energy.to_value(u.TeV))
if tel_id not in event.dl1.tel:
raise ValueError("No parameters for weighting available")
weights.append(
self._calculate_weights(event.dl1.tel[tel_id].parameters)
)
ids.append(tel_id)
if len(values) > 0:
weights = np.array(weights, dtype=np.float64)
weights /= weights.max()
if self.log_target:
values = np.log(values)
mean = np.average(values, weights=weights)
std = np.sqrt(np.cov(values, aweights=weights))
if self.log_target:
mean = np.exp(mean)
std = np.exp(std)
valid = True
else:
mean = std = np.nan
valid = False
event.dl2.stereo.energy[self.prefix] = ReconstructedEnergyContainer(
energy=u.Quantity(mean, u.TeV, copy=False),
energy_uncert=u.Quantity(std, u.TeV, copy=False),
telescopes=ids,
is_valid=valid,
prefix=self.prefix,
)
def _combine_classification(self, event):
ids = []
values = []
weights = []
for tel_id, dl2 in event.dl2.tel.items():
mono = dl2.classification[self.prefix]
if mono.is_valid:
values.append(mono.prediction)
dl1 = event.dl1.tel[tel_id].parameters
weights.append(self._calculate_weights(dl1) if dl1 else 1)
ids.append(tel_id)
if len(values) > 0:
mean = np.average(values, weights=weights)
valid = True
else:
mean = np.nan
valid = False
container = ParticleClassificationContainer(
prediction=mean, telescopes=ids, is_valid=valid, prefix=self.prefix
)
event.dl2.stereo.classification[self.prefix] = container
def _combine_altaz(self, event):
ids = []
alt_values = []
az_values = []
weights = []
for tel_id, dl2 in event.dl2.tel.items():
mono = dl2.geometry[self.prefix]
if mono.is_valid:
alt_values.append(mono.alt)
az_values.append(mono.az)
dl1 = event.dl1.tel[tel_id].parameters
weights.append(self._calculate_weights(dl1) if dl1 else 1)
ids.append(tel_id)
if len(alt_values) > 0: # by construction len(alt_values) == len(az_values)
coord = AltAz(alt=alt_values, az=az_values)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Mises%E2%80%93Fisher_distribution#Mean_direction
mono_x, mono_y, mono_z = coord.cartesian.get_xyz()
stereo_x = np.average(mono_x, weights=weights)
stereo_y = np.average(mono_y, weights=weights)
stereo_z = np.average(mono_z, weights=weights)
mean_cartesian = CartesianRepresentation(x=stereo_x, y=stereo_y, z=stereo_z)
mean_spherical = mean_cartesian.represent_as(SphericalRepresentation)
mean_altaz = AltAz(mean_spherical)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_statistics#Measures_of_location_and_spread
r = mean_spherical.distance.to_value()
std = np.sqrt(-2 * np.log(r))
valid = True
else:
mean_altaz = AltAz(
alt=u.Quantity(np.nan, u.deg, copy=False),
az=u.Quantity(np.nan, u.deg, copy=False),
)
std = np.nan
valid = False
event.dl2.stereo.geometry[self.prefix] = ReconstructedGeometryContainer(
alt=mean_altaz.alt,
az=mean_altaz.az,
ang_distance_uncert=u.Quantity(np.rad2deg(std), u.deg, copy=False),
telescopes=ids,
is_valid=valid,
prefix=self.prefix,
)
[docs] def __call__(self, event: ArrayEventContainer) -> None:
"""
Calculate the mean prediction for a single array event.
"""
if self.property is ReconstructionProperty.ENERGY:
self._combine_energy(event)
elif self.property is ReconstructionProperty.PARTICLE_TYPE:
self._combine_classification(event)
elif self.property is ReconstructionProperty.GEOMETRY:
self._combine_altaz(event)
[docs] def predict_table(self, mono_predictions: Table) -> Table:
"""
Calculates the (array-)event-wise mean.
Telescope events, that are nan, get discarded.
This means you might end up with less events if
all telescope predictions of a shower are invalid.
"""
prefix = f"{self.prefix}_tel"
# TODO: Integrate table quality query once its done
valid = mono_predictions[f"{prefix}_is_valid"]
valid_predictions = mono_predictions[valid]
array_events, indices, multiplicity = np.unique(
mono_predictions[["obs_id", "event_id"]],
return_inverse=True,
return_counts=True,
)
stereo_table = Table(array_events)
# copy metadata
for colname in ("obs_id", "event_id"):
stereo_table[colname].description = mono_predictions[colname].description
n_array_events = len(array_events)
weights = self._calculate_weights(valid_predictions)
if self.property is ReconstructionProperty.PARTICLE_TYPE:
if len(valid_predictions) > 0:
mono_predictions = valid_predictions[f"{prefix}_prediction"]
stereo_predictions = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
mono_predictions, weights, n_array_events, indices[valid]
)
else:
stereo_predictions = np.full(n_array_events, np.nan)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_prediction"] = stereo_predictions
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_is_valid"] = np.isfinite(stereo_predictions)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_goodness_of_fit"] = np.nan
elif self.property is ReconstructionProperty.ENERGY:
if len(valid_predictions) > 0:
mono_energies = valid_predictions[f"{prefix}_energy"].quantity.to_value(
u.TeV
)
if self.log_target:
mono_energies = np.log(mono_energies)
stereo_energy = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
mono_energies,
weights,
n_array_events,
indices[valid],
)
variance = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
(mono_energies - np.repeat(stereo_energy, multiplicity)[valid])
** 2,
weights,
n_array_events,
indices[valid],
)
std = np.sqrt(variance)
if self.log_target:
stereo_energy = np.exp(stereo_energy)
std = np.exp(std)
else:
stereo_energy = np.full(n_array_events, np.nan)
std = np.full(n_array_events, np.nan)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_energy"] = u.Quantity(
stereo_energy, u.TeV, copy=False
)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_energy_uncert"] = u.Quantity(
std, u.TeV, copy=False
)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_is_valid"] = np.isfinite(stereo_energy)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_goodness_of_fit"] = np.nan
elif self.property is ReconstructionProperty.GEOMETRY:
if len(valid_predictions) > 0:
coord = AltAz(
alt=valid_predictions[f"{prefix}_alt"],
az=valid_predictions[f"{prefix}_az"],
)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Mises%E2%80%93Fisher_distribution#Mean_direction
mono_x, mono_y, mono_z = coord.cartesian.get_xyz()
stereo_x = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
mono_x, weights, n_array_events, indices[valid]
)
stereo_y = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
mono_y, weights, n_array_events, indices[valid]
)
stereo_z = _weighted_mean_ufunc(
mono_z, weights, n_array_events, indices[valid]
)
mean_cartesian = CartesianRepresentation(
x=stereo_x, y=stereo_y, z=stereo_z
)
mean_spherical = mean_cartesian.represent_as(SphericalRepresentation)
mean_altaz = AltAz(mean_spherical)
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional_statistics#Measures_of_location_and_spread
r = mean_spherical.distance.to_value()
std = np.sqrt(-2 * np.log(r))
else:
mean_altaz = AltAz(
alt=u.Quantity(np.full(n_array_events, np.nan), u.deg, copy=False),
az=u.Quantity(np.full(n_array_events, np.nan), u.deg, copy=False),
)
std = np.full(n_array_events, np.nan)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_alt"] = mean_altaz.alt.to(u.deg)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_az"] = mean_altaz.az.to(u.deg)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_ang_distance_uncert"] = u.Quantity(
np.rad2deg(std), u.deg, copy=False
)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_is_valid"] = np.logical_and(
np.isfinite(stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_alt"]),
np.isfinite(stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_az"]),
)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_goodness_of_fit"] = np.nan
else:
raise NotImplementedError()
tel_ids = [[] for _ in range(n_array_events)]
for index, tel_id in zip(indices[valid], valid_predictions["tel_id"]):
tel_ids[index].append(tel_id)
stereo_table[f"{self.prefix}_telescopes"] = tel_ids
add_defaults_and_meta(stereo_table, _containers[self.property], self.prefix)
return stereo_table